MIL-STD-1605A(SH)
3.2 Below deck. An area on ships which is surrounded or partially surrounded by a metallic structure, or an area which provides adequate attenuation to electromagnetic (EM) radiation, such as the metal hull or superstructure of a surface ship, and the screened rooms in non-metallic ships.
3.3 Broadband antenna. An antenna that has a relatively constant gain, and that functions satisfactorily, over a wide range of frequencies (2:1 or greater bandwidth range), such as a log periodic or horn antenna.
3.4 Electromagnetic compatibility. The ability of electrical and electronic systems, equipment, and devices to operate in their intended operational environments without suffering unacceptable degradation or causing unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. It involves the application of sound electromagnetic spectrum management; system, equipment, and device design configuration that ensures interference-free operation; and clear concepts and doctrines that maximize operational effectiveness.
3.5 Electromagnetic interference. Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment. EMI can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like.
3.6 Equipment, electrical. Equipment, other than electronic equipment, designed to generate, convert, distribute, control, or utilize electrical energy. Examples are generators, power switchboards, motor controls, motors, lighting fixtures, and electrical appliances.
3.7 Equipment, electronic. Equipment designed to generate, transmit, convey, receive, store, process, or otherwise use electronic/digital signals. Examples are oscillator equipments, transmitters (sonar, communication transmitters, and radar), amplifiers, sensing devices, receivers, digital equipment, underwater detection equipment, fire control equipment, drone control equipment, and associated test equipment.
3.8 Intermodulation. The production in a nonlinear element of frequencies equal to the sums and differences of integral multiples of two or more frequency sources.
3.9 Phase I tests. That part of the EMI survey, specified herein, that is conducted dockside for the purpose of keeping the Phase II (underway) test time to a minimum. Phase I tests measure the impact from unintentional electromagnetic emissions of installed electrical/electronic equipment on wireless radio frequency (RF) sensor type electrical/electronic equipment. This requires the measurement of the emissions received by RF sensors to determine whether these unintentional electromagnetic emissions are a potential source of interference. In addition, Phase I tests determine the susceptibility of equipment/systems to ships portable communication transmitters by keying the portable units within 18-inches of equipment/systems.
3.10 Phase II tests. That part of the EMI survey, specified herein, that determines the EMC of the ships electrical/electronic systems. Phase II tests are conducted while the ship is underway and in a typical operating configuration with all below deck and topside emitters on and operational. Emission and susceptibility tests not able to be performed during Phase I should be completed at the beginning of Phase II.
3.11 Susceptibility. The inability of an item to perform its function without degradation while in the presence of an EM disturbance. EM disturbances can be in the form of either radiated or conducted emissions.
3.12 Topside areas. An area on ships, which is directly exposed to the external electromagnetic environment, and is not considered to be below deck as defined herein.
3.13 Unintentional emissions. An emission from a device that generates RF energy for use within the device, and sends RF signals by radiation to other devices nearby or by conduction to associated equipment via connected wiring, despite the fact that it is not intended to emit RF energy by radiation or conduction.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General. MIL-STD-464 requires that a ship shall be self compatible. This standard requires that a ship meets its operational performance requirements when all of the ship's equipment/systems are operating together at their designed level of efficiency or their designed capability. All tests specified in this standard are to demonstrate EMC between shipboard systems/equipment/sensors.
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