MIL-STD-1310H(NAVY)
3.7 Broadband noise (BBN). EM interference that has the spectral energy distributed over a wide frequency in relation to the frequency bandwidth of the equipment receiving the interference. Broadband noise interference is broadly tunable and will exist over all or a portion of the tuning range of an affected receiver.
3.8 Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS). COTS equipment is any item that can be purchased through commercial retail or wholesale distributors as is, for example; equipment that is available as a catalog item.
3.9 Computer ground system. A separate hardwired ground system installed in accordance with system installation control drawings to isolate the power supplies of shipboard digital systems from EMI and power line transients generated in other electrically-powered systems onboard (see electrical surge suppressor).
3.10 Conduit. Conduit is a metal enclosure, normally of circular construction, used as EM shielding for a cable or cables routed within the conduit. Conduit may be flexible (in accordance with MIL-PRF-24758) or rigid.
3.11 Electrical surge suppressor, marine type. A power line conditioning device to protect vulnerable electronic equipment from common mode and differential mode voltage and current transients generated in other electrically-powered onboard systems sharing electrical power lines (as opposed to a separate power line/ground system in accordance with a specific installation control drawing as in 3.9 above).
3.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The ability of electronic/electrical equipment, subsystem, and systems to operate in their intended operational environments without suffering or causing unacceptable degradation because of EM radiation or response.
3.13 Electromagnetic environment (EME). The resulting product of the power and time distribution, in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted EM emission levels that may be encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned mission in its intended operational environment.
3.14 Electromagnetic interference (EMI). Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like.
3.15 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The electromagnetic radiation caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photoelectrons from photons scattered in the materials of the nuclear device or in a surrounding medium as a result of a nuclear explosion or lightning. The resulting electric and magnetic fields may couple with electrical/electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges.
3.16 Ground (ground potential). A point, plane, or surface designated as the zero potential (nominally)
common reference point for electrical or electronic equipment.
3.17 Grounding. The process of bonding a metallic item to ground potential.
3.18 Grounding effectiveness. The effectiveness of metallic penetrations bonded at the ship's hull to direct currents induced on these penetrations by topside EMI and EMP to the ship's ground. These metallic penetrations include pipes, waveguides, cables, and metal tubing.
3.19 Ground loop. More than one path to ground for an equipment or system such that the designated ground is not maintained at a common potential; normally caused by multipoint grounding. Lack of a common reference point (ground) may result in common mode (interference) currents in the ground loop.
3.20 Ground, personnel/electrical safety. Bonding of electrical and electronic equipment cabinets, cases, housings and exposed metal (conductive) components to ground potential by any class bond described herein, or by the installation of a ground wire to establish a contact resistance of 0.1 ohm or less. An electrical safety ground does not necessarily meet requirements for EMC/RF ground.
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